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Open-source workflow automation with a self-hostable engine, native AI nodes, and LLM-integrated workflow building.

n8n, pronounced n-eight-n, is an open-source workflow automation platform with native AI capabilities, built for technical teams who want the speed of no-code with the option to drop into real code. Founded in 2019 and developed under a source-available fair-code license, it lets users connect hundreds of apps and services on a visual node-based canvas, and write JavaScript or Python, add npm packages, or build custom nodes wherever a workflow needs logic that drag-and-drop cannot express. Workflows support branching, loops, error handling, and version control, so automations stay reliable in production.

Two design choices define n8n. First, it can be fully self-hosted, so a team runs automation on its own infrastructure, including air-gapped deployments, and credentials and data never leave their environment, which matters for regulated industries with frameworks like HIPAA. Second, its pricing is based on workflow executions rather than per-task or per-operation, so a long, multi-step AI workflow costs the same as a simple two-step one, which makes complex automation far cheaper at scale.

n8n treats AI as a first-class part of the canvas rather than a bolt-on action. Its AI Agent node, built on LangChain, creates autonomous agents that reason about a goal and decide which tools to call and in what order, assembled from modular sub-nodes for memory, tools, output parsing, and retrieval. Teams can build RAG pipelines against vector databases like Pinecone and Qdrant, route different steps to different model providers including OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and local models through Ollama, and keep humans in the loop with approval steps, all while every step of an agent's reasoning is traceable on the canvas.

Through native Model Context Protocol support, any n8n workflow can be exposed as a tool that an external AI model can call, positioning n8n as the action layer behind an LLM's reasoning. For organizations, it adds SSO, role-based access, encrypted secret storage, audit logs, and Git-based controls. n8n is most at home with developers and technical teams running many workflows or AI agent pipelines who value cost control and ownership of their data.

Vendor details

Canonical URL

https://n8n.io/

Category

Agent builder

Subcategory

Fair-code workflow automation with LangChain-based agent nodes and self-hosting

Company status

independent

Use cases & customers

Primary use cases

Building AI agents on a node canvas where models, tools, memory and output parsers attach as typed sub-nodesRunning the whole stack including local models inside the customer's own boundary, with an isolate configuration for air-gapped operationExposing workflows as an MCP server so external AI assistants call them as tools, or consuming external MCP servers as agent toolsEvaluating AI workflows against known test cases in development and scoring production quality with metrics over timeEmbedding n8n inside another product under an OEM agreement with token exchange and delegated API access

Target customers

developersSMB

Deployment options

SaaSself-hosted

Integrations

Several hundred individually documented app nodes spanning CRM, marketing, ITSM, HR, databases and warehouses, cloud infrastructure, storage, messaging, security tooling, payments and finance, with major nodes carrying separate documentation per operation family. Core nodes add HTTP Request, GraphQL, SSH, Execute Command and Code for anything uncatalogued, and community and custom nodes written in TypeScript extend the catalog further. Tool Mode converts an ordinary node into an agent-callable tool, and sub-workflows can be attached to an agent as tools. Model Context Protocol runs both ways: the MCP Client node consumes external MCP servers, and the MCP Server Trigger node makes n8n itself an MCP server exposing its tools and workflows to MCP clients over SSE or streamable HTTP. Model providers available as first-class nodes include OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Mistral, Perplexity, Qwen Cloud, MiniMax and Moonshot Kimi, plus local models through the self-hosted AI starter kit. Vector stores, embeddings, retrievers and document loaders attach as sub-nodes so the retrieval index can live in a customer-run database.

In practice

You can't send customer data through a third-party cloud for compliance reasons. n8n self-hosts on your own infrastructure, even air-gapped, so credentials and payloads never leave your environment while you still automate across hundreds of apps.

Your AI workflow has twenty steps and per-task pricing would bankrupt it. n8n charges per execution, so a long multi-step agent pipeline costs the same as a two-step one, making complex automation viable at scale.

You want an agent that triages support tickets by querying a database and drafting a reply, with a human approving before send. n8n's AI Agent node reasons over the goal, calls the tools, and pauses for approval.

Agentic Index coverage score

13.0 / 14 capabilities · 93%

Integrations & Tool Calling Full

The built-in app node reference enumerates several hundred individually documented nodes spanning CRM, marketing, ITSM, HR, databases, warehouses, cloud infrastructure, storage, messaging, security and finance, with major nodes such as Gmail, Google Drive, Google Sheets, Postgres and OpenAI carrying separate pages per operation family.

Core nodes add HTTP Request, GraphQL, SSH, Execute Command and Code for anything uncatalogued, community and custom nodes extend the set further, and the MCP Client node connects agents to external MCP servers. Sub-workflows and app nodes can be exposed to agents as tools.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io app nodes, core nodes, MCP Client and how tools work pagesread 2026-08-31

Workflow Orchestration Full

Flow logic is documented across split with conditionals using If and Switch, merge data, loop, wait, handle errors gracefully, and understand execution order for multi-branch workflows.

Breaking workflows into smaller parts documents calling workflows from other workflows, and converting nodes to a sub-workflow automatically includes attached AI sub-nodes such as chat models and memory.

Agent nodes act as root nodes orchestrating typed sub-node connections for language models, tools, memory and output parsers, and sub-workflows can be attached to an agent as tools. Canvas groups, sticky notes and workflow tags support organizing large workflows.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io flow logic tree, break workflows into smaller parts, convert to sub-workflows and how tools work pagesread 2026-08-31

Knowledge Grounding & RAG Full

A dedicated AI concepts section documents storing and searching data with vectors, covering vector databases, embeddings, retrievers and document loaders, alongside a page on retrieving relevant context that explains retrieval-augmented generation and how to use it in n8n.

Vector store providers attach as sub-nodes so the index can be held in a customer-run database, and a worked example documents scraping website content into Pinecone and querying it from a chat workflow. Data tables provide structured tabular data management within project boundaries, and Default Data Loader and text splitter components handle ingestion.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io store and search data with vectors, retrieve relevant context, use website content and data tables pagesread 2026-08-31

Human Oversight & Guardrails Full

A documented pattern requires human approval before an AI Agent executes specific tools, and a separate pattern sets a human fallback that triggers a human answer when the AI cannot help. A dedicated Guardrails node ships as a core node for policy enforcement on AI workflows. Workflow reviews allow submitting a version for review before publishing, comparing changes with a visual diff, discussing in activity comments, and approving or requesting changes. Wait and Stop And Error nodes provide pause and halt primitives, and workflow publishing is a distinct step from saving.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io human-in-the-loop for tools, set a human fallback, Guardrails node, workflow reviews and save and publish pagesread 2026-08-31

Security, Identity & Governance Full

The vendor's security page states n8n undergoes continuous evaluation and annual audits by an independent auditor against SOC 2, that its SOC 2 report is available to enterprise customers and a SOC 3 report is published for everyone else, and that third-party penetration tests of the production environment run at least once a year.

The same page states SSO, SAML and LDAP on the Enterprise plan and advanced RBAC on all paid plans. The documentation's security configuration tree adds SAML and OIDC single sign-on, MFA enforcement, a self-service security audit, node blocking, task runner hardening, SSRF protection, encryption key rotation, JWE decryption of OAuth tokens and execution data redaction.

Sourcen8n.io legal security page, docs.n8n.io security configuration treeread 2026-09-29

Observability & Auditability Full

Executions are documented as first-class objects with pages for viewing all executions, viewing executions for a single workflow, customizing execution data so runs can be filtered by custom fields, and debugging by copying prior execution data into the canvas.

Tracing workflow and node executions to an OpenTelemetry collector is documented, alongside Prometheus metrics, visualizing metrics with Grafana, log configuration and an insights metrics layer.

Workflow change history and version restore are documented separately, execution data can be redacted for compliance, and a LangChain in n8n page documents connecting a self-hosted instance to LangSmith for tracing.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io understand executions, trace executions with OpenTelemetry, monitor n8n, view change history and LangChain in n8n pagesread 2026-08-31

Memory & State Persistence Partial

The Tools Agent documentation states that a memory sub-node lets users hold an ongoing conversation across multiple queries but that memory does not persist between sessions, and the default Simple Memory node, previously named Window Buffer Memory, is a bounded buffer.

Memory attaches to agents as a typed AiMemory sub-node, with session IDs resolved from input data or a custom key and optionally scoped per node so separate memory nodes in one workflow do not share history. External chat memory backends can be attached in place of the simple buffer, and Data tables provide structured storage across runs. A dedicated How memory works concept page documents the model.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io Tools Agent, how memory works, AI Agent common issues and data tables pagesread 2026-08-31

Deployment & Data Residency Full

Install options document one-line setup, Docker, Docker Compose, npm and deployment to DigitalOcean, Heroku, Hetzner, AWS, Azure, Google Cloud Run, Google Kubernetes and OpenShift Local, alongside managed n8n Cloud. An isolate n8n configuration example documents preventing the instance from connecting with n8n's servers.

The database is customer-chosen, external storage is documented for binary and execution data, queue mode and task runners cover scaling, and an OEM deployment path documents surfacing n8n inside another product. Editions are compared across Community, Registered Community, Business and Enterprise.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io install options, isolate n8n, choose n8n's database, scaling and compare editions pagesread 2026-08-31

Prebuilt Agents, Templates & Packs Full

Using templates is documented as one of the named ways of building workflows, alongside a configuration option for self-hosted instances to point at a custom workflow templates library. A curated self-hosted AI Starter Kit is documented as providing a list of AI elements to quickly start building AI workflows. Individual node pages link to browsable template collections for that node, and.n8np packages bundle workflows, folders or whole projects with their dependencies into a portable file for transfer between instances. Learning paths provide interactive courses building real workflows.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io use templates, configure a custom workflow templates library, deploy with the AI starter kit and n8n packages pagesread 2026-08-31

Triggers & Channel Coverage Full

Documented trigger nodes include Schedule Trigger, Webhook, Chat Trigger, Email Trigger over IMAP, RSS Feed Trigger, Local File Trigger, SSE Trigger, n8n Form Trigger, Error Trigger, Activation Trigger, Workflow Trigger, Execute Sub-workflow Trigger, n8n Trigger, Evaluation Trigger, MCP Server Trigger and Microsoft Agent 365 Trigger.

A durable scheduler is documented as running time-based workflows from a database-backed queue on self-hosted instances. Agents are documented as publishable so people reach them through chat, channels and schedules, and a Respond to Webhook node plus streaming responses complete the request-response surface.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io core node reference, durable scheduler, build and manage agents and stream real-time responses pagesread 2026-08-31

Model Flexibility & Routing Full

The AI Agent node requires a connected Chat Model sub-node and errors without one, with the documentation describing clicking the Chat Model connector to open a selection of possible chat models. Models attach as sub-nodes so different agents and chains in one workflow can use different models.

Documented first-class model provider nodes include OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini, Mistral AI, Perplexity, Qwen Cloud, MiniMax and Moonshot Kimi, and the self-hosted AI starter kit documents running local models alongside n8n. A LangChain in n8n page documents the underlying abstraction and LangSmith connection.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io AI Agent node and common issues, what agents do, app node reference and AI starter kitread 2026-08-31

APIs, SDKs & MCP Extensibility Full

The MCP Server Trigger node is documented as allowing n8n to act as a Model Context Protocol server, making n8n tools and workflows available to MCP clients over SSE or streamable HTTP, with a separate page on building and running n8n workflows from MCP clients and admin oversight of connected MCP clients including consent revocation. A public REST API is documented, including instructions for disabling it.

Custom and community nodes extend the catalog, npm modules can be enabled in the Code node, and.n8np packages export workflows, folders or whole projects as portable files with a manifest, size limits and API key scopes. An OEM deployment path documents embedding n8n in another product using OAuth 2.0 token exchange, iframe SSO and delegated API access.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io MCP Server Trigger, connect to n8n MCP server, n8n packages, security and OEM deployment pagesread 2026-08-31

Testing, Debugging & Optimization Full

Dedicated Evaluation and Evaluation Trigger core nodes ship with the platform, supported by a four-page Test and improve AI workflows documentation section covering why to test, running quick evaluations during development against known test cases, using metric-based evaluations to measure, score and improve production workflow performance over time, and fixing common issues. Debugging is separately documented through pin and mock data, debug executions which copy earlier execution data into the current workflow, types of executions including manual and partial runs, and dirty node tracking.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io test and improve AI workflows section, Evaluation and Evaluation Trigger nodes, understand executions pagesread 2026-08-31

Browser & Computer Use Partial

n8n ships an Airtop app node, documented as controlling a cloud-based web browser for querying, scraping and interacting with web pages, with operations to manage browser sessions and windows and to click an element, fill a form, hover, scroll and type, authenticated with Airtop credentials. That is a third-party browser engine wired in through a node rather than a browser the platform ships; no browser, desktop or computer-use node of n8n's own appears among the core nodes, and SSH and Execute Command run commands on remote hosts rather than operating a rendered interface.

Sourcedocs.n8n.io Airtop node pageread 2026-09-29

The Agentic Index coverage score grades every vendor Full, Partial or Not documented against the same 14 buyer facing capabilities, from public evidence only. Each capability links to how all vendors in the index score on it. How this evidence is graded

Recent platform changes

2026-09-29·Human approval / guardrailsVerified

Version 2.42.0 switches on n8n's Agents builder by default for self hosted installs and adds approval settings for agents working in Slack, Telegram, Discord and Linear. A connection can require approval before risky actions or before every action, and the agent then pauses with an Approve or Deny card in the channel before it posts or files anything.

Bears on: Agent capability

View source
2026-07-21·MCP / tool calling / APIVerified

n8n released version 2.32, which introduces granular scope selection for Model Context Protocol (MCP) OAuth consent. Users can restrict external MCP clients to specific resources, such as workflows or data tables, using Read-only or Custom presets. The update also adds detailed MCP connection tracking, enables publishing agents directly from the AI Agent builder, and expands node capabilities for Telegram and Google Calendar.

Bears on: MCP / tool calling / API

View source
2026-07-14·Workflow orchestrationVerified

n8n released version 2.31.0, featuring a comprehensive overhaul of its Notion integration. The updated node migrates to a newer Notion API, replacing legacy database queries with Data Sources, and introduces native support for markdown operations, JSON blocks, and database file downloads.

Bears on: Workflow orchestration

View source
View all 5 changes for n8n →Tracked since Sep 2025 · Verified from public vendor sources

Pricing

From €20/mo (annual) · free self-host

runs

Free tierTrial available

Included quota

Self-hosted Community Edition (free): unlimited executions/workflows/users, all integrations (you supply the server, ~$3-$20/mo). Cloud Starter (€20/mo annual): 2,500 executions/mo, 5 concurrent, unlimited workflows. Cloud Pro (€50/mo annual): 10,000 executions/mo, 20 concurrent, admin roles, global variables, 7-day insights. Business (€667/mo annual, self-hosted, <100 employees): 40,000 executions/mo, 6 projects, SSO (SAML/LDAP), Git version control, multi-environment, 30-day insights. Enterprise: unlimited executions, advanced roles, dedicated support, custom deployment.

What is public

n8n (n8n.io, by Berlin-based n8n GmbH - fair-code workflow automation, visual + code, AI-native) prices in EUR and bills by EXECUTIONS (one full workflow run = one execution, regardless of node count). Self-hosted Community Edition is free forever (unlimited executions/workflows/users). Cloud (EU/Frankfurt): Starter €20/mo annual (€24 monthly, 2,500 executions), Pro €50/mo annual (€60 monthly, 10,000 executions). Self-hosted Business - €667/mo annual (€800 monthly, 40,000 executions, SSO/Git). Enterprise custom (unlimited). 14-day free trial on all Cloud plans; no permanent free Cloud tier (removed late 2025).

Billing mechanics

Billed per EXECUTION - a single end-to-end run of a workflow counts as one execution no matter how many steps/nodes it has or how much data it moves (a 2-step and a 50-step workflow each burn one execution per run). Only SUCCESSFUL executions count (failed/test runs are free, since late 2025). Active-workflow limits were removed across all plans (April 2026) - you pay purely on executions. Annual billing saves ~17%.

Cost watchouts

Execution caps bite on POLLING/SCHEDULED workflows - a single every-5-minute workflow generates ~8,640 executions/mo, blowing the 2,500 Starter cap in ~9 days; Cloud has NO permanent free tier (removed late 2025) and no overage on Starter/Pro (hard pause at the cap); annual lock-in for the 17% discount (no mid-year refund); Cloud limits stored credentials; self-hosting is 'free software' but you own the server + maintenance

Variable cost rationale

Execution-based and far more predictable per-run than step/operation billing (one run = one execution regardless of complexity), but still usage-driven - high-frequency triggers/polling scale executions quickly; self-hosting converts the cost to flat infra you control

Additional watchouts

Polling/scheduled workflows can blow execution caps fast (and Starter/Pro hard-pause with no overage); no permanent free Cloud tier; EUR-native pricing; self-hosting needs server/DevOps awareness (updates, SSL, security); late-2025 self-hosted-Enterprise price increases drew community pushback.

Overage / add-ons

On Starter/Pro, workflows PAUSE when you hit the monthly execution cap (no overage option - resumes next cycle). On Business, you buy extra execution buckets (e.g., +300,000 executions = €4,000). Enterprise has unlimited executions. Self-hosted Community Edition has no caps.

Sales call required

Mixed (some tiers require a call)

Free / trial

Free trial (no card required)

Lowest paid plan

Starter ~EUR 20/mo AE

Commercial notes

Developer-favored, fair-code and source-available, with strong AI agent and workflow capabilities; 400+ official integrations, extensible with code and community nodes; a large self-hosting ecosystem (Hetzner, Coolify, managed hosts like PikaPods and InstaPods).

Key ambiguities

n8n prices natively in EUR (~$ equivalents vary with FX); pricing was restructured in late 2025 (free Cloud tier removed, self-hosted Enterprise went tiered, execution counting changed to successful-only) and the vendor notes plans/allowances change frequently - confirm current figures; the Business plan is now self-hosted-only

Cancellation / refund

Self-hosted Community Edition is free (no contract); Cloud Starter/Pro are self-serve monthly or annual (annual ~17% cheaper, no mid-year refund); 14-day free trial on all Cloud plans (no credit card for Starter/Pro; card required for Business); Business is self-hosted via license key; Enterprise is custom; a Start-up Plan gives 50% off Business for companies <20 employees

Support SLA / resale

Community support (CE); standard support on Cloud Starter/Pro; dedicated support on Enterprise; Business/Enterprise features (SSO/SAML/LDAP, Git, audit logs, multi-environment) require a license key that pings n8n's license server daily; Cloud is GDPR-compliant (Frankfurt servers); self-host for other regions or full data control

Missing data

Prices are EUR-native (USD equivalents fluctuate), and plans, allowances and AI-credit grants change often, so confirm current figures before quoting.

Agentic Index verified 2026-09-29

Alternatives to n8n

The closest documented capability profiles to n8n among agent builders tracked by Agentic Index, ordered by similarity on the same 14 point evidence the rankings use. No vendor pays for placement.

  • OutSystems12.5 / 14A lighter documented profile than n8n
  • StackAI13.5 / 14Fuller documented coverage on Browser & Computer Use
  • AgentX12.0 / 14A lighter documented profile than n8n
  • Airia12.0 / 14A lighter documented profile than n8n
  • AutoGPT13.0 / 14Fuller documented coverage on Memory & State Persistence
  • Dify12.0 / 14A lighter documented profile than n8nn8n vs Dify →

Similarity is computed from each vendor's Agentic Index coverage score evidence, axis by axis, not from the totals. How this evidence is graded

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